Nā Papa Paʻi Paʻi ʻO nā pā kila i hoʻohana ʻia i ka hana ʻana i nā paila mahu, nā moku kaomi a me nā ʻāpana hana ʻē aʻe o nā moku kaomi.No ka mea, ke kau nei kēia ʻano pā kila i ke kaomi ea a me ke kaomi wai, a me ke ʻano o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻano wela like ʻole, e like me ke kiʻekiʻe, waena a me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, he koʻikoʻi nā koi no kēia ʻano pā kila.
Hoʻoponopono hoʻoponopono hoʻolaha hoʻolauna huahana
(1) Wehewehe: Ma waho aʻe o ka koi ʻana i kahi ikaika a me ka paʻakikī, pono nō hoʻi ke ʻano o ka mea i ʻaʻahu, a ua kaupalena ʻia nā hemahema ʻino.
(2) Nā ʻano: E like me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā ʻāpana, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i ʻelua mau ʻāpana: nā papa kila kalapona a me nā pā kila;e like me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka ikaika, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i nā papa kila kiʻekiʻe, waena a haʻahaʻa;Paʻa kila ʻino.
ʻO ka mānoanoa o ka pā ipu kaomi ma ka laulā o 5 a 200mm, a ua māhele ʻia ka manawa i kekahi mau kikoʻī mānoanoa.Hoʻopaʻa inoa nā maʻamau aupuni i ka nui o ka pepa i ʻae ʻia a me nā ʻae ʻae ʻia.ʻO ka maikaʻi o ka hiʻohiʻona (1) ʻO ke ʻano o ka pā kila: e like me ka camber, flatness, right angle, etc. iron oxide scale, etc. No nā kumu palekana, ʻoi aku ka koʻikoʻi o nā papa kila i ka ʻili a me nā hemahema o loko.ʻAʻole ʻae ʻia nā hemahema i luna.Eia nō naʻe, ʻae ʻia nā ʻano kūpono e wehe ʻia, a pono e palahalaha ka wahi hoʻoneʻe.ʻAʻole ʻoi aku kona mānoanoa ma mua o ka ʻokoʻa i ʻae ʻia i ka mānoanoa o ka pā kila.ʻAʻole ʻae ʻia nā interlayers.Helu hoʻohui kemika:
①Papa kila kalapona: ʻike nui i ka ʻike o ke kalapona, silika, manganese, phosphorus a me ka sulfur.Loaʻa i kekahi mau kila kalapona kekahi nui o ke keleawe, chromium, nickel, molybdenum, vanadium a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.I waena o lākou, ʻo ke kalapona ka mea nui e hoʻoholo ai i ka ikaika o ka pā kila, ʻo ia hoʻi, piʻi ka ikaika o ka pā kila me ka piʻi ʻana o ka mea kalapona.Aia ma waena o 0.16 a me 0.33% ka nui o ka carbon carbon plate.Loaʻa i ka manganese a me ke silika ka hopena o ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i nā mea a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka ikaika.Silika: 0.10~0.55%, Manganese: 0.4~1.6%.ʻAʻole koi kekahi mau kūlana i ka silikoni a me ka manganese no nā papa paila maʻamau, a ʻo ke keleawe ma lalo o 0.30%.ʻAʻole loaʻa i nā kūlana keleawe ʻē aʻe e like me Iapana a me Rūsia.Aia kekahi mau kila kiʻekiʻe i ka chromium (ma lalo o 0.25%), nickel (ma lalo o 0.30%), molybdenum (ma lalo o 0.10%), a me ka vanadium (ma lalo o 0.03%).Hōʻike ʻia ke ʻano kemika o nā pā kila boiler o nā māka like ʻole i nā kūlana huahana i hāʻawi ʻia ma ka Papa 6-7-3.
② Ke kila kila haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa: Ma waho aʻe o nā mea o ke kila kalapona, aia kekahi nui o ka molybdenum, chromium, nickel, vanadium, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. penei: 1/2 Mo, 1/2Mo-B kila: ASTM A204, JIS G3107;Mn-1/2Mo1/2Mo, Mn-1/2Mo-V, Mn -1/2Mo-1/4Ni, Mn1/2Mo-1/2N i kila: ASTM A302, A533, JIS G3119, G3120;1Cr-1/2Mo, 11/4Cr-1/2Mo, 21/2Cr-1Mo, 3C r-1Mo, 5Cr-1/2Mo, 7Cr-1/2Mo, 9Cr-1Mo: JISG4109, ASTM A387, A533, DIN17155.
③ Paʻa kila ikaika kiʻekiʻe i kinai ʻia: e ʻike i ka ASTM A517, A537, A724, A734, JISG3115.
④ Ke kila wela haʻahaʻa: me ke kila kalapona a me ke kila kila.Hiki ke loaʻa ka haku mele mele a me nā waiwai mechanical ma ASTMA612, A 662, A735, A736, A738, A203, A645, JIS G3126.
⑤Stainless steel: e nānā iā JIS G4304, ASTM A240, AISI13, ΓOCT5632.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: ʻAukake-15-2022